ASTM A615 - Deformed and Plain Carbon Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement - PDF

 

ASTM A615 is a specification for deformed and plain carbon-steel bars used in concrete reinforcement. In simple terms, it's the standard that tells manufacturers and engineers how steel rebar should be made and tested when it's used to reinforce concrete structures like buildings, bridges, and highways.

It mainly covers:

• Grades of steel based on strength (like Grade 40, 60, 75, and 100).
   

• Bar sizes and dimensions, from small to large diameters.
   

• Requirements for chemical composition (what the steel is made of) and mechanical properties (like yield strength and elongation).
   

• Guidelines for marking, testing, and certification to make sure the steel meets all necessary performance standards.
   

There are two types of bars in this standard:

• Deformed bars, which have ridges or patterns to help grip the concrete.
   

• Plain bars, which are smooth and used in specific structural situations.
   

This standard is widely used across the U.S. and globally, especially in structural and civil engineering projects.

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🔬 Lab Testing Requirements – ASTM A615

ASTM A615 requires that rebar (both deformed and plain bars) undergo several mechanical and chemical tests to ensure it meets the performance standards for structural applications.

 

1. 📏 Tensile Testing

Performed to determine yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation.

Equipment Needed:

• Universal Testing Machine (UTM)
   

• Video Extensometer (optional, for accurate strain measurement)
   

Key Test Parameters:

Property

Requirement

Yield Strength

Minimum values based on grade (e.g., 60 ksi for Grade 60)

Tensile Strength

Must exceed yield strength (specific values per grade)

Elongation

Measured after fracture (usually in a 200 mm or 8 in. gage length)

Note: Yield point may be determined by:

• The offset method (0.2% strain offset)
   

• Extension under load method
   

 

2. 🧪 Bend Test

Tests ductility by bending the rebar around a mandrel.

Procedure:

• A sample bar is bent 180° (or 90° and then flattened) around a mandrel of a prescribed diameter, depending on the bar size and grade.
   

• No cracking visible on the tension (outer) surface = Pass.
   

Mandrel Diameter (as a factor of bar diameter):

Grade

Mandrel Size (Nominal Bar Diameters)

Grade 60

6× (for bars #3 through #8)

Grade 75+

8× or more

 

3. ⚗️ Chemical Composition Testing

Ensures the steel composition falls within limits for elements like C, Mn, P, S, etc.

Common Techniques:

• Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES)
   

• Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)
   

• Wet chemistry methods
   

Important Limits:

• Max carbon content typically ~0.30–0.35%
   

• Max phosphorus and sulfur ~0.05% or lower (varies by grade)
   

Note: The chemical composition is especially critical if the steel is dual-certified to ASTM A615 and A706 (weldability concerns).

 

4. 📄 Sampling and Retesting Criteria

• Bars must be tested by heat number (each batch of molten steel).
   

• Minimum of two tension and two bend specimens per lot.
   

• If a test fails, retests are allowed under certain conditions.
   

 

Optional or Supplementary Tests

Some projects may require:

• Charpy impact tests (for seismic or cold regions—if dual certified with A706)
   

• Hardness testing (as a quick QC check)
   

 

🧾 Reporting Requirements

A typical test report should include:

• Grade and size of bar
   

• Heat number
   

• Results of tensile and bend tests
   

• Chemical composition
   

• Lab accreditation/certification details (e.g., ISO 17025)