ASTM D413
Rubber-to-Fabric Adhesion Peel Fixture
ASTM D413 Peel Fixture – Universal Grip Data Sheet (PDF)
ASTM D413 measures the adhesion between rubber and a flexible substrate, such as fabric plies in belting and hose or a rubber layer bonded to fiber, wire or sheet metal. Rubber product makers use it for quality control and to set minimum separation values with customers. Universal Grip supplies a D413 peel fixture for strip and ring specimens.
What ASTM D413 Measures
The test finds the force per unit width needed to separate a rubber layer from its flexible substrate, or to separate fabric plies bonded with rubber. One ply is peeled from the rest of the specimen at a controlled angle while force is recorded over the peel length. The result shows bond quality in products such as conveyor belting, hose, tire carcass and coated fabrics. The method applies to roughly flat or uniformly circular bonded surfaces.
How the ASTM D413 Test Works
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Cut strip specimens, or ring specimens from cylindrical products such as hose.
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Separate the end of the ply by hand to start the peel.
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Clamp the specimen body in the fixture, or mount a ring on the mandrel.
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Grip the separated ply in the serrated jaw and peel at a constant rate of separation.
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Record force over the peel length and report adhesion as force per unit width.
Specimens and Setup
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Choose strip specimens for flat products and ring specimens for hose and tubing.
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Cut edges cleanly and square so the width is uniform along the peel length.
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Start the separation carefully to avoid damaging the ply before the test.
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Discard the initial and final portion of the trace as the standard directs when averaging.
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Refer to the current edition of ASTM D413 for specimen width, peel angle and rate.
Universal Grip ASTM D413 Fixture
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1 kN standard capacity; higher capacities on request
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Grips and holders for strip peel specimens
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Ring specimen mandrel option for cylindrical products
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Serrated jaw faces hold rubber and fabric without slippage
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Peel geometry kept consistent through the test; steel with corrosion-resistant finish
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Clevis pin or threaded adapter; fits electromechanical and servo-hydraulic frames
Applications
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Conveyor and transmission belting
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Hose and tubing plies
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Rubber-coated fabrics
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Rubber product quality control
Related Standards and Products
Tell us your specimen type, width and frame connection, and we will quote a D413 peel fixture. Request a quote
ASTM D413 FAQ
Strip or ring specimen: which should I use?
Use strip specimens for flat products such as belting and coated fabric. Use ring specimens for cylindrical products such as hose, where cutting a flat strip would distort the bond. The ring option mounts the specimen on a mandrel so it can rotate as the ply peels.
Can I run D413 on a universal testing machine?
Yes. D413 allows a constant-load (dead weight) approach or a machine with a constant rate of separation. A universal testing machine with this fixture gives a full force trace over the peel length, which is useful for spotting weak areas in the bond.
How is adhesion reported?
Adhesion is reported as force per unit width of the specimen, taken from the force trace over the peel length. Report the failure mode too, such as separation at the interface or tearing in the rubber, since it helps diagnose bonding problems.
How does D413 differ from D429?
D413 covers rubber bonded to flexible substrates such as fabric, cord or thin sheet metal. D429 covers rubber bonded to rigid substrates, mostly metal parts, using pull-apart, stripping and shear geometries. The fixtures and specimens are different.
What capacity do I need?
Most ply adhesion tests fall well within the 1 kN standard rating. For wide specimens or heavy belting with high-strength bonds, higher-capacity versions are available on request. Pair the fixture with a load cell sized to your expected peel force for good resolution.