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ISO 8510-1
90° Peel Test for Flexible-to-Rigid Adhesive Bonds

Universal Grip ISO 8510-1 90° peel table for flexible-to-rigid bonds

Downloads: ISO 8510-1 90° Peel Table for Flexible-to-Rigid Bonds – Universal Grip Data Sheet (PDF)

Written by Chris Thomas, Universal Grip Company · Reviewed by Frank Bertini · Updated October 24, 2026

ISO 8510-1 is the 90° peel test for a bonded assembly in which a flexible adherend is peeled from a rigid one. The rigid part is a 25 mm wide steel T-piece held in the lower grip; a 250 × 25 mm flexible strip bonded to it is pulled upward at 50 mm/min through a long wire so that the peel front stays close to 90°, and the force needed to separate the bond is averaged over 100 mm of peel. It is the ISO method of choice when the flexible adherend is too stiff to be folded back on itself for a 180° test (that is ISO 8510-2's sister method), which makes it the natural test for coated metal, laminated panels, automotive trim, films and tapes on rigid substrates.

This guide covers the edition situation that trips up almost every page on the subject (ISO withdrew 8510-1 in 2007; the live, technically identical text is EN 28510-1:2014); the full specimen geometry, including the T-piece dimensions nobody prints; the 50 ± 5 mm/min rate; the 600 mm wire and the angle error it implies; the 100 mm averaging window centred on the T-piece and why there is no 25 mm discard in this part; failure types; the 90° versus 180° energy relationship; a worked example with unit conversions; common errors; a numeric comparison with ISO 8510-2, ASTM D6862, ASTM D903 and ASTM D3330; and the peel table, grips and testing machines Universal Grip supplies for the method.

In this guide: What ISO 8510-1 Measures · Editions: ISO 8510-1:1990, the 2007 Withdrawal and EN 28510-1:2014 · Test Pieces: T-Piece, Flexible Strip and Adherend Thickness · Apparatus: Machine, Wire, Grips and the Angle Question · Rate of Separation and Conditioning · Step-by-Step Procedure · Evaluating the Trace: the 100 mm Window and No 25 mm Discard · Why 90° Reads Differently from 180° · Worked Example and Unit Conversions · Common Errors and How Much They Matter · ISO 8510-1 vs ISO 8510-2, ASTM D6862, ASTM D903 and ASTM D3330 · Equipment: 90° Peel Table, Grips and Machines from Universal Grip · FAQ

What ISO 8510-1 Measures

The standard determines the peel resistance of an adhesive bond between a flexible adherend and a rigid adherend when the two are pulled apart at approximately 90°. The flexible adherend has to bend slightly more than 90° without permanent change; the rigid adherend does not bend at all. The result is the average force, in newtons, needed to keep the peel front moving over a defined length of bond, together with the maximum and minimum forces in that length and the type of failure.

  • Average peel force (N): the force averaged over 50 mm on each side of the centre of the T-piece, 100 mm in all, from the force–separation trace. Because the width is fixed at 25 mm the standard reports newtons, not newtons per unit width; converting to N/25 mm, N/mm or kN/m is common practice but is not the standard's own unit.

  • Maximum and minimum force within the same 100 mm length, which describe how jerky or stick-slip the peel was.

  • Failure type: adhesive failure at an interface, cohesive failure within the adhesive, or failure of an adherend. An adherend failure means the flexible layer tore or delaminated before the bond did, which is the problem the 90° geometry exists to avoid.

The standard itself says that a normal tensile testing machine will not hold the angle at exactly 90°, and that a roller peeling device should be used when an exact angle is required. In practice most laboratories run the test on a sliding peel table that moves the rigid adherend sideways in step with the crosshead; that is the device Universal Grip builds and it is covered in the equipment section. The companion methods are the 180° peel of ISO 8510-2, the T-peel of ISO 11339 for two flexible adherends, and the ISO 4587 lap-shear test for rigid-to-rigid joints; the peel testing overview explains when each applies.

Editions: ISO 8510-1:1990, the 2007 Withdrawal and EN 28510-1:2014

ISO 8510-1 was published once, in December 1990, as a five-page first edition. A second edition reached the final draft stage in 2006 with only reference and editorial changes, but it was never published, and ISO withdrew the 1990 edition on 5 March 2007 without an ISO successor. The 180° sister part, ISO 8510-2, did get its second edition in 2006 and remains an active ISO standard. The 90° method did not disappear, however: CEN had adopted it as EN 28510-1 in 1993 and reissued it as EN 28510-1:2014, published in April 2014 and adopted nationally as BS EN 28510-1:2014, DIN EN 28510-1:2014-07 and NF EN 28510-1. The 2014 foreword states that no technical provisions were amended and only the references were updated (ISO 291 became EN ISO 291, the surface preparation reference became EN 13887, and ISO 5725 became ISO 5725-2).

The practical consequence is that a test run today should be reported as EN 28510-1:2014 (ISO 8510-1:1990), and every dimension, rate and calculation below is identical in both documents. Pages that cite ISO 8510-1:1990 as a current standard are not wrong about the content, only about its status; pages that describe it as withdrawn without replacement miss the European text that laboratories are accredited against. JIS K 6854-1 is the Japanese equivalent of the same method.

Test Pieces: T-Piece, Flexible Strip and Adherend Thickness

ISO 8510-1 is unusual among peel standards in prescribing the rigid adherend as a machined T-piece rather than a flat plate. The dimensions are:

  • Rigid adherend: bonded surface 25.0 ± 0.5 mm wide and at least 150 mm long. The preferred form is a mild-steel T-piece whose stem, 75 × 25 × 10 mm, is clamped in the lower (non-sensing) grip of the machine, so the bonded head sits above the grip with its bond plane horizontal. When the rigid adherend is another material (plastic, wood, composite), a 25 mm by ≥ 150 mm piece of it is bonded to the T-head with an adhesive strong enough not to let go during the test.

  • Flexible adherend: 250 mm long × 25.0 ± 0.5 mm wide, the same width as the rigid part. It must be able to bend slightly beyond 90° without irreversible deformation; if it cannot, the material is a candidate for a roller or drum method rather than this one.

  • Thickness recommendations: metals 1.5 mm, plastics 1.5 mm, compounded rubbers 2 mm, wood 3 mm, other materials by agreement. These are recommendations for the adherends in general; the standard does not give a separate thickness for the flexible strip, and a thicker, stiffer strip raises the apparent peel force because more of the work goes into bending it.

  • Bond preparation: surfaces prepared per the surface-treatment standard (EN 13887 / ISO 17212); an anti-adhesive strip at the starting end gives a sharp bond boundary; the assembly is pressed at up to 1 MPa between parallel platens or through a 10 mm rubber pad of about Shore A 45 (used up to 700 kPa); the average adhesive thickness is determined by weighing or another method and reported.

  • Number of specimens: at least 5, conditioned in one of the standard atmospheres of ISO 291, normally 23 °C and 50 % RH, after the adhesive has cured according to its maker's instructions.

Because the T-piece is gripped by its stem, the free part of the bond extends on both sides of the stem centre. That is why the averaging window is defined as 50 mm on either side of the centre rather than as a run from one end: the force is read where the peel front is nearest the load axis and the angle is closest to 90°. Mark the centre of the bond on the rigid adherend before the test so the window can be located on the trace.

Apparatus: Machine, Wire, Grips and the Angle Question

The testing machine must separate the grips at a constant rate and indicate force within ± 2 % of the true value, with the rupture force falling between 10 % and 80 % of the scale in use and a response time short enough to follow a stick-slip peel. Universal Grip's Mark-10 testers and the 2.5 kN benchtop UTM with a 50 to 500 N load cell cover the usual peel-force range of a few newtons for tapes to a few hundred newtons for structural bonds.

  • Lower grip: clamps the T-piece stem so that the machine centreline passes through the centre of the bond and is normal to the bond plane.

  • Upper grip: a self-aligning grip holding the free end of the flexible strip, connected to the load sensor by a wire at least 600 mm long. The wire is the standard's way of keeping the angle close to 90° without a moving table: as the peel front moves 50 mm either side of centre, the pull direction tilts by arctan(50/600), about 4.8°, so the angle stays within 85° to 95° throughout the averaging window.

  • Roller peeling device: required if a constant angle of exactly 90° is needed; the roller sits at the peel front and turns the strip through 90° regardless of where the front is.

  • Sliding peel table (practice): a carriage carrying the rigid adherend that moves horizontally at the same speed the crosshead moves vertically, so the peel front stays under the load axis and the angle is 90° at every point. ASTM D6862 specifies this device explicitly; for ISO 8510-1 it is the practical substitute for the roller device and gives a constant angle with no wire. It is the design Universal Grip supplies.

A long wire is cheap but has two weaknesses: the angle still drifts, and the wire's own compliance and swing make the force trace noisier at low loads. The sliding table removes both, at the cost of needing low-friction carriage bearings, because any friction in the carriage adds directly to the measured peel force. With pneumatic grips on the flexible strip the clamping force stays constant as the strip thins, which matters for soft films and rubber.

Rate of Separation and Conditioning

The rate of grip separation is 50 ± 5 mm/min. At 90° on a sliding table, 50 mm of crosshead travel peels 50 mm of bond, so the 100 mm averaging window takes about two minutes and the whole test, including the run-in to the first edge of the window, three to four minutes. The 180° method of ISO 8510-2 runs at 100 ± 10 mm/min, where each millimetre of crosshead travel peels only half a millimetre of bond; the two rates therefore give the same peel-front speed of 50 mm/min, which is the sensible way to compare them.

Peel force is strongly rate-dependent for most adhesives, so results at the ISO rate cannot be compared with ASTM D6862 results at 254 mm/min: the D6862 precision data show carpet-to-plywood bonds reading 0.53 kN/m at 25 mm/min and 2.28 kN/m at 250 mm/min, a factor of four. Conditioning is in one of the ISO 291 atmospheres, 23 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 10 % RH being the normal choice, for the time needed for the adhesive to reach equilibrium cure; the test itself is run in the same atmosphere. An environmental chamber is used when peel resistance at service temperature is the question.

Step-by-Step Procedure

  • 1. Prepare and bond. Cut the 250 × 25 mm flexible strips and the 25 × ≥ 150 mm rigid adherends (or use steel T-pieces directly), treat the surfaces, apply the adhesive with an anti-adhesive strip at the starting end, press at up to 1 MPa and cure per the adhesive supplier. Determine and record adhesive thickness.

  • 2. Condition at least five assemblies at 23 °C / 50 % RH (or the agreed ISO 291 atmosphere) and mark the centre of the bonded length on the rigid adherend.

  • 3. Mount the rigid adherend. Clamp the T-piece stem in the lower grip (or clamp the plate to the peel table) so the bond plane is horizontal and the machine axis passes through the bond centre.

  • 4. Attach the flexible strip. Fold the free end up through 90° and clamp it in the self-aligning upper grip, on the 600 mm wire or directly in the grip above a sliding table. Take up slack without loading the bond.

  • 5. Peel at 50 ± 5 mm/min, recording force against grip separation autographically, until at least 50 mm of bond on each side of the T-piece centre has separated.

  • 6. Evaluate the trace. Draw the average line through the 100 mm window centred on the T-piece (or integrate it), read the maximum and minimum in the window, and note any initial peak outside the window separately.

  • 7. Record the failure type for every specimen: adhesive, cohesive or adherend failure, with the approximate proportion of each when mixed.

  • 8. Report the average, maximum and minimum force per specimen in newtons, the arithmetic means across specimens, and the items in the report clause (adhesive identity, adherends and surface treatment, bonding and curing conditions, adhesive thickness, conditioning, rate, averaging method, failure types, deviations).

Evaluating the Trace: the 100 mm Window and No 25 mm Discard

Three peel standards that look alike use three different evaluation windows, and mixing them up changes the number. ISO 8510-1 averages over 50 mm on each side of the T-piece centre, 100 mm in total, and there is no instruction to discard the first 25 mm of peel: initial peaks that fall outside the window are simply outside it, though they may be recorded separately. ISO 8510-2 (180°) discards the first 25 mm and averages over at least the next 100 mm. ASTM D6862 (90°) discards the first 25 mm and averages readings taken every 12.7 mm over at least the next 76 mm. Laboratories that run all three on the same software should set up three evaluation templates rather than reuse one.

The average may be taken by an estimated average line drawn by eye on the chart, by planimetry, or by any better method; modern software integrates the force over the window and divides by the length, which is the same thing. The standard asks for the maximum and minimum in the window as well, because an adhesive that peels at a steady 30 N and one that alternates between 10 N and 50 N have the same average and very different behaviour in service.

Why 90° Reads Differently from 180°

For a flexible strip peeled at a steady force F over a width b, the energy released per unit area of bond is G = (F/b)(1 − cos θ), where θ is the peel angle. At 90° the bracket is 1 and G = F/b; at 180° it is 2 and G = 2F/b. For the same adhesive with the same fracture energy, the 180° test therefore reads about half the force of the 90° test, and the two cannot be compared directly even when the rates are matched. The 90° geometry also puts less bending into the flexible adherend, which is why it is specified for adherends that would crack, delaminate or permanently kink at 180°.

The relationship also explains the sensitivity to angle. With the wire method the angle wanders about 5° either side of 90° across the window; cos 85° and cos 95° are +0.087 and −0.087, so the bracket moves between 0.91 and 1.09 and the measured force varies by roughly ± 9 % from angle alone if the fracture energy is constant. A sliding table that keeps the angle at 90° removes that variation, which is the practical argument for using one.

Worked Example and Unit Conversions

A 25.0 mm wide PVC-coated fabric bonded to a steel T-piece with a polyurethane adhesive is peeled at 50 mm/min. The trace over the 100 mm window centred on the T-piece has an integrated average of 42.0 N, a maximum of 51 N and a minimum of 35 N, and the failure is cohesive within the adhesive. Five specimens give averages of 42.0, 40.5, 44.1, 39.8 and 41.6 N, a mean of 41.6 N, which is what ISO 8510-1 reports, together with the mean maximum and mean minimum.

  • Per width (practice, not the standard): 41.6 N ÷ 25 mm = 1.66 N/mm = 1.66 kN/m = 41.6 N/25 mm. In US units 1 N/mm = 5.71 lbf/in, so 1.66 N/mm = 9.5 lbf/in.

  • Width error: if the strip was actually 24.6 mm wide and the result is normalised to 25 mm, the per-width value is 1.6 % low; measure the width of every strip when per-width results are wanted.

  • Load cell: 51 N maximum must fall between 10 % and 80 % of the scale, so a 100 N cell (51 %) or a 250 N cell (20 %) is right; a 1 kN cell at 5 % is outside the ISO rule even though the cell is accurate.

  • Crosshead travel: on a sliding table 100 mm of window needs 100 mm of travel plus the run-in, about 150 mm in all, three minutes at 50 mm/min; on a 180° test the same bond length needs 300 mm of travel.

Common Errors and How Much They Matter

  • Using the 180° specimen dimensions. A rigid adherend of ≥ 200 mm and a flexible strip of ≥ 350 mm are ISO 8510-2 figures; several guides print them under Part 1. Part 1 is ≥ 150 mm and 250 × 25 mm.

  • Running at the ASTM rate. ASTM D6862 peels at 254 mm/min, five times the ISO rate, and for rate-sensitive adhesives that can double or quadruple the force. Report the rate and never mix the two in one data set.

  • Discarding the first 25 mm. That is a Part 2 / D6862 rule; in Part 1 the window is defined by the T-piece centre. On a long specimen the two windows can be 50 mm apart and sit on different parts of the bond.

  • Carriage friction. On a sliding table every newton of friction in the carriage bearings is read as peel force. A 1 N friction on a 10 N tape peel is a 10 % error; check by running the empty carriage and subtracting, or use ball-bearing guides that read below 0.2 N.

  • Short wire. A 300 mm wire doubles the angle error to about 9.5° at the ends of the window, and the (1 − cos θ) bracket moves by ± 17 %.

  • Adherend failure read as peel strength. If the flexible strip tears or delaminates the result is a property of the strip, not the bond; the standard requires the failure type to be recorded and such results flagged.

  • Reporting N/mm as if it were the standard's unit. The standard reports newtons at 25 mm width; give the force first and the per-width value as a derived figure.

  • Bond thickness not controlled. Peel force rises with adhesive thickness for most structural adhesives; weigh or measure and report it, and keep the pressing pressure (≤ 1 MPa) constant between batches.

ISO 8510-1 vs ISO 8510-2, ASTM D6862, ASTM D903 and ASTM D3330

The four methods below all peel a flexible material from a rigid one, and none of their results are interchangeable. The ASTM figures match our ASTM D6862, ASTM D903 and ASTM D3330 guides.

  • ISO 8510-1 / EN 28510-1 (90°): 25 mm T-piece ≥ 150 mm, 250 × 25 mm flexible strip; 1.5 mm metal or plastic, 2 mm rubber, 3 mm wood recommended; 50 ± 5 mm/min; average over 100 mm centred on the T-piece, no discard; result in N; ≥ 5 specimens; ISO 291 conditioning; wire ≥ 600 mm or roller device.

  • ISO 8510-2 (180°, current edition 2006): rigid 25 × ≥ 200 mm, flexible ≥ 350 mm, bonded over 150 mm; 100 ± 10 mm/min (peel front 50 mm/min); separate ≥ 125 mm, discard 25 mm, average ≥ 100 mm; result in N; ≥ 5 specimens.

  • ASTM D6862 (90°): flexible 0.60 mm and rigid 1.60 mm by default, width by agreement (25 mm usual); 254 mm/min (10 in/min); discard 25 mm, readings every 12.7 mm over ≥ 76 mm; result in kN/m or lbf/in; four specimens per ageing condition; sliding platform driven at crosshead speed; breaking load 15 to 85 % of range.

  • ASTM D903 (180°): 25 × 305 mm flexible strip, thickness ≤ 3 mm; 152.4 mm/min (6 in/min); result per unit width; seven-day conditioning at 23 °C / 50 % RH.

  • ASTM D3330 Method F / D6252 (90° PSA tapes): 300 mm/min, 2 kg roller application, discard 25 mm, average the next 50 mm; result in N/25 mm or oz/in. FINAT FTM2 is the European tape equivalent at 300 mm/min.

The decision rule: ISO 8510-1 or D6862 when the flexible adherend would be damaged by folding through 180°, or when the product is used at 90° (trim on a panel, film on a sheet); ISO 8510-2 or D903 for thin, supple adherends where the 180° trace is steadier; D3330 / FTM2 for pressure-sensitive tapes with their own application procedure; ISO 11339 or ASTM D1876 when both adherends are flexible.

Equipment: 90° Peel Table, Grips and Machines from Universal Grip

Universal Grip's ISO 8510-1 90° peel table (part UGC-ISO8510-1-PF) is a sliding 90° peel table for flexible-to-rigid bonds. The rigid adherend is clamped to a roller-guided carriage and a cable linked to the crosshead pulls the carriage sideways as the flexible layer is peeled upward, so the peel angle stays at 90° throughout the test. Per the data sheet: cable-linked carriage that tracks the crosshead to hold an exact 90° angle; ball-bearing rollers for low-friction carriage travel; spring-loaded knurled clamp pins for fast clamping of rigid substrates; adjustable end rail and tension screw for setting the cable; supplied with cable, crimp ferrules and cable tension handle; specimens are a flexible adherend bonded to a rigid plate, typically 25 mm wide; 1 kN standard capacity, higher on request; stainless steel and aluminium construction; knurled threaded adapter to the lower frame mount; for electromechanical universal test machines. An upper grip for the flexible strip is available. The sheet describes the result as peel strength per unit width; ISO 8510-1 itself reports force in newtons at the fixed 25 mm width, which the table's results convert to N/mm or N/25 mm directly.

The same table runs ASTM D6862, D3330 Method F, D6252, FINAT FTM2 and the 90° variants of ISO 29862, and because it holds the angle at exactly 90° it also satisfies the ISO 8510-1 clause that calls for a roller device when a constant angle is required. For strict reproduction of the T-piece method, the T-piece stem can be clamped in a vise grip in the lower position with the flexible strip on a wire; we supply both arrangements. Related fixtures are on the peel fixtures page, and the peel test fixtures guide compares 90°, 180°, T-peel, floating-roller and climbing-drum designs.

  • Upper grip: pneumatic grips with 25 to 50 mm faces, flat rubber-faced for films and foils, serrated for coated fabrics and laminates; the maintained air pressure stops the strip creeping out as it thins. A self-aligning coupling or the standard's 600 mm wire takes out misalignment.

  • Load cell: sized so the rupture force is between 10 % and 80 % of range: 50 or 100 N for tapes and labels, 250 to 500 N for coated fabrics and films on panels, 1 kN for structural adhesives on metal.

  • Testing machine: a Mark-10 tester or the 2.5 kN benchtop UTM with 50 mm/min speed control within ± 10 % and data acquisition fast enough to catch stick-slip peaks; the 300 mm or more of travel needed for 180° companions is available on all our frames.

  • Specimen preparation: strip cutters and cutting dies for 25 mm strips, a 2 kg roller for pressure-sensitive bonds, and the T-pieces themselves, machined from mild steel to the 75 × 25 × 10 mm stem geometry.

  • Related guides: ISO 11339 T-peel, ISO 4587 lap shear, ASTM D6862, ASTM D903, ASTM D3330, the adhesives testing page and the ISO standards library.

ISO 8510-1 FAQ

Is ISO 8510-1 still a current standard?

ISO withdrew ISO 8510-1:1990 on 5 March 2007 and never published a second edition, but the method lives on as EN 28510-1:2014 (BS EN, DIN EN, NF EN 28510-1), whose foreword states that no technical provisions were changed. Cite EN 28510-1:2014 (ISO 8510-1:1990) on reports; every dimension and rate is the same.

What is the peel rate in ISO 8510-1?

50 ± 5 mm/min rate of grip separation. At 90° on a sliding table that is also the peel-front speed. ISO 8510-2 (180°) uses 100 ± 10 mm/min, which gives the same 50 mm/min peel-front speed because each millimetre of travel peels half a millimetre of bond.

What are the ISO 8510-1 specimen dimensions?

Rigid adherend 25.0 ± 0.5 mm wide and at least 150 mm long, preferably a mild-steel T-piece with a 75 × 25 × 10 mm stem; flexible adherend 250 mm × 25.0 ± 0.5 mm. Recommended thicknesses are 1.5 mm for metals and plastics, 2 mm for rubber and 3 mm for wood.

How many specimens does ISO 8510-1 require?

At least five, conditioned in an ISO 291 atmosphere (normally 23 °C / 50 % RH). ASTM D6862 asks for four per ageing condition.

Over what length is the peel force averaged?

Over 50 mm on each side of the centre of the T-piece, 100 mm in total, with the maximum and minimum in that window also recorded. Unlike ISO 8510-2 and ASTM D6862, Part 1 has no instruction to discard the first 25 mm of peel.

What unit does ISO 8510-1 use for peel strength?

Newtons: the average, maximum and minimum force over the 100 mm window at the fixed 25 mm width. Dividing by 25 mm gives N/mm (equal to kN/m), and 1 N/mm is 5.71 lbf/in; those per-width figures are common practice rather than the standard's own unit.

Why does the standard specify a 600 mm wire?

The flexible strip is pulled through a wire at least 600 mm long so that as the peel front moves 50 mm either side of the T-piece centre the pull direction tilts by only arctan(50/600), about 4.8°, keeping the angle within about 85° to 95°. A sliding peel table or roller device holds exactly 90° and removes that error.

Can I run ISO 8510-1 on a sliding 90° peel table?

Yes in practice. The standard says a roller peeling device is used when a constant angle of exactly 90° is required; a cable-driven table that moves the rigid adherend at crosshead speed achieves the same constant 90° and is the device ASTM D6862 specifies. Keep carriage friction well below 1 % of the peel force and mark the bond centre so the 100 mm window can be located.

How does ISO 8510-1 differ from ASTM D6862?

Both are 90° flexible-to-rigid peels. ISO: 50 mm/min, T-piece specimen, average over 100 mm centred on the T-piece, result in N, ≥ 5 specimens. D6862: 254 mm/min, 0.60 mm flexible / 1.60 mm rigid defaults, discard 25 mm then average ≥ 76 mm, result in kN/m, 4 specimens per condition. The fivefold rate difference alone can change the force several times over.

Why do 90° and 180° peel tests give different numbers?

Peel energy per unit area is G = (F/b)(1 − cos θ). At 90° G = F/b; at 180° G = 2F/b, so for the same bond a 180° test reads about half the force. The 90° test also bends the flexible adherend less, which is why it is chosen for adherends that would crack or kink at 180°.

What load cell should I use for ISO 8510-1?

One on which the rupture force falls between 10 % and 80 % of the scale: 50 or 100 N for tapes and labels at 5 to 50 N, 250 to 500 N for coated fabrics and films on panels, 1 kN for structural adhesives on metal. A 50 N peel on a 1 kN cell is 5 % of range and outside the rule.

What failure types are reported?

Adhesive failure (at an interface), cohesive failure (within the adhesive) or adherend failure (the flexible or rigid part itself fails), recorded per specimen, with proportions when mixed. ISO 10365 gives a fuller code set that many laboratories add. Adherend failure means the result is not a bond property.

Need a 90° peel table, grips or a complete peel-testing system for ISO 8510-1 / EN 28510-1? Contact Universal Grip with your adherend materials, strip width, expected peel force and machine connection and we will quote the right setup.

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